Tuesday 27 November 2012

BIOGRAPHY OF NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE


NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE



Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, the great patriot was awarded
the highest honour Bharat Ratna in 1992. Although the declaration
of the award was delayed, yet this worthy son of mother
India rightly deserved it. His life is such a story of self-sacrifice,
as infuses new life and hope in lifeless and dejected persons. He
sacrificed his whole life in the Freedom-fight of the country.
The ancestors of Netaji Subhash resided in the village
Kedalia, district Twenty-four Pargana in West Bengal. Netaji
was born in Katak on 23rd January, 1897. His father was
government council there. He had his primary education at
Katak. In 1913, he did his matriculation, and secured second
position in the province. After that, he got admission to the
Presidency College Calcutta (now Kolkata). In 1915, he passed
F.A. in the 1st division. In B.A., he offered Philosophy as one
of his subjects Naturally, a particular sort of seriousness was
seen in his personality. All class mates paid respect to such a
talented student. It was he who developed the qualities of
leadership and organisation. For insulting one of his friends,
Subash Babu picked up a quarrel with Prof. C.F. Ottan. He was
expelled from the college for assaulting the professor. Later on,
he was admitted on the Scottish Church College, and from
there, he passed B.A., with Philosophy in the 1st division in the
year 1919. Then he did B.A. from Cambridge university as
well.
Father of Subhash Bahu was loyal to the government. With
great hopes, he sent Subash Babu to England for I.C.S. He
amazed everyone by securing fourth position at the I.C.S.
examination, but he did not avail of I.C.S. Those days, there
was political upheaval, and a storm of patriotism in the country.
Being inspired by that, Subhash Babu became a rebel, resigned
his job of I.C.S. and become volunteer of the Congress. After
that, he was made a teacher in National Academy of Education
and then captain of the Congress volunteer corps. In connection
with the boycott of the Prince of Wales, he was arrested for the
first time and was jailed for six months. In 1922, he rendered
his help to the flood, stricken people of North Bengal in a rare
manner and thus gave glimpse of his ability. He was appointed
editor of the Forward journal, the chief mouth piece of the
Swarajya Party. In 1925, when Deshbandu Das was elected the
mayor of Calcutta, he was appointed the chief executive officer.
The same year, he was arrested under the Bengal ordinance and
was jailed for three years during this period of imprisonment he
suffered from Tuberculosis and became very weak. The
government proposed to release him on certain conditions,
which appeared insulting and for a self-respecting and patriot
man like Subhash, they were unbearable. At last the government
had to kneel down before the stubborn Subhash. He was
brought to Calcutta and released on 15th May, 1927. During
this period he was in Jail, he was elected member of the
Provincial Legislative Assembly in the Calcutta congress 1928,
he was leading the Volunteer Corps in front of Pt. Nehru’s
procession, his fame spread in all the directions far and wide.
Subhash Babu came in contact will the national leaders Later on
gave full co-operation to Pt. Nehru in the publicity of his
Independence League.
In Lahore session Congress declared complete independence
as its object. Meanwhile, Subhash Babu was elected the
mayor of Calcutta. Under his leadership, the Congress procession
was taken out in Calcutta. The police made a lathicharge
on the procession, and Subhash Babu, together with his
companions was arrested he was provided one year’s imprisonment.
The independent movement had been started again. Laws
were being broken everywhere the government got made with
rage. In the jail Subhash was tortured like anything. He fell ill
again. The old disease tuberculosis appeared. He was released
on the condition that he should go to Europe for treatment. On
release, without meeting any of his near and dear ones, he
straight way flew to Switzerland.
This period of residence in a foreign land was exciting for
Subhash Babu. This was made more clear, when after three
years on his fathers death, Subhash came home, he was
surrounded by the police. Subhash could stay at home, hardly
for one month. During this one month’s stay, Subhash did not
participate in any political discussion. Thus, keeping his word
to the govern-ment, he went back to Europe. In this overseas
journey, he met D’ Vellera and Mussoloni. After some time, he
get tired of his sojourner in a foreign land and he decided not to
stay dry more in a foreign land the Government of India's
attitude was if you want
to live in India, live in the prison. At last,
he started for his motherland. In the meantime, the congress
passed a resolution requesting the government to set Subhash at
liberty. But the government did not consent. On landing at
Bombay, Subhash was taken prisoner.
The whole country was in anguish. On 10th May 1930,
Subhash-Day was celebrated but the government was unmoved
even then no sooner Subhash reached jail, than his condition
deteriorated. At last he was released. There was jubilation
throughout the country.
Now the time came for constructive work the congress
agreed to entering council’s ministries were being formed in the
provincials, Subhash Babu had no interest in their programmes
on the other hand, his health was indifferent. For improvement
health; he had to go again to foreign land for two and a half
months. In Europe itself, he betrayed the secret of the imperialist
policies of the British Empire. In 1938, he was elected the
President of Haripura congress. Those days post of the congress
carried with it the greatest honour. the Indian public after to its
most popular leader.
At the time of being elected the president of the congress,
Subhash Babu was only 41 years of age in the Haripura congress,
the 1935 Act was declared totally impractical Subhash Babu
himself was dead opposed to at least the rightist wing of the
congress may not accede to the Act, he contested the election of
President against the nominated candidate. This was for the first
time in the history of the congress that there was a contest for
the President's post. He won, although the contest was very
tough. On the defeat of Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, the nominated
candidate, Mahatma Gandhi said, “Pattabhi’s defeat is my
defeat.”
Even after the election, the rightist wing of the Congress
non-cooperated with Subhash. This gave deep down pain to
Subhash Babu and when there seemed no possibility of
agreement, Subhash Babu tendered resignation. Dr. Rajendra
Prasad was elected in his place then he formed a separate forum
Forward Block within the Congress, the object was to bidfare.
Well to the constitutionalism of the congress Subhash Babu was
always dissatisfied with the rightist policies of the congress the
founding of the Forward Block was not the reaction of Subhash
Babu’s defeat, but he always wanted to keep to his organisation
a leftist wing.
The next annual session of the Congress was held at
Ramgarh Subhash Babu arranged a agreement antagonistic
conference, which proved unprecedented. The rightist leaders of
the Congress became more dissatisfied on hearing the speech of
Subhash Babu and levelled the charge against Subhash Babu
that he had founded a party against the Congress. He was
removed even from the membership of the Congress, so much
so that the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee was
banished from the All India National Congress. The horizon
was overcast with the clouds of the Second World War and the
Congress ministries had resigned. Gandhiji was determined to
launch individual Satyagrah. At the time, Subhash Babu asked
the public of Bengal to remove the Hall Will memorial and start
a public agitation. The government got panicky to the arising
storm in Bengal at the signal of Subhash Babu, and it put him in
the prison. At this time, Subhash Babu did not want to perish in
the jail. He went on fast, and the government set him free for
one month, but put his residence under strict vigilance and
guard. Even then, he succeeded in escaping on 16th January,
1941, people came to know of his escape from house arrest with
a long beard grown on his face, he travelled by motor-bus and
train, and anyhow reached Peshawar. The beard deceived the
policemen, and under the fake name Jiauddin, he crossed the
boundaries with a caravan, and reached Kabul. The spies harassed
him there. He was not getting a passport to go to Germany.
At last, with the help of another man’s passport he reached
Germany.
In Berlin, he was a respectable guest of the government. His
talks were often heard from the radios of Berlin and Rome.
How Hitlor, also, extended respect to Subhash Babu. He met
Mussolini and his son-in-law Count Siano as well on 27th May,
1942, Hitler gave him audience, and gave support and cooperation
to his plan of going to South East Asia.
In June 1943, Subhash Bahu reached Tokyo (Japan). On
2nd July, 1943 he came down to Singapore. On 19th July, 1943
Sri Ras Behari Bose appointed him regular Commander of the
Indian National Army. After this the whole world felt much
amazement of organising capacity of Subhash Babu. The
soldiers of the I.N.A. marched ahead with the message of
India's freedom. General atmosphere and equipment's being
favourable, all the plans showed good results quite soon. The
organisation and working of the Indian National Army surprised
many war-experts. Subhash Babu divided the army in four
brigades,
viz. Subhash Brigade, Gandhi Brigade, Nehru Brigade
and Azad Brigade. He constituted a separate Brigade for
women, Jhansi Rani Brigade, under the guidance of Captain
Lakshmi. There was a separate part of the army of children. It is
that this group of children proved very useful. At long last on
21st October, 1943 Subhash Chandra Bose declared the
establishment of temporary government of independent India,
Japan Germany, Italy, China etc. different governments
unanimously recognized the authority of the Azad Hind
Government. In the beginning, Singapore was made the centre
of this government. Later on Rangoon (Burma) was made the
capital and head quarters of this temporary government in the
mean time, islands of Andman Nekobar had been given
independence. The Azad Hind government began to work in a
well planned and disciplined manner.
Subhash Babu, himself through speeches used to collect
funds. Things received as gifts and presents used to be
auctioned, which brought quite sufficient amounts and at last,
with the help of a millionaire a Rangoon Azad Hind Bank was
established. The soldiers of the Azad Hind Army fought for
independence and not for the sake of Money.
National salutation (Jai Hind), National seal, National
insignia (Tipu Sultan’s Lion) National Badge, National Anthem
(SUBH SUKH CHAIN KI VARSHA)shower of the good, happiness and respect
and other requirements of the Indian National Army, were made
good in Indian manners. The example of Communal Unity,
which the Indian National Army set, was by all means
memorable, enviable and imitable.
Azad Hind Army threw light on many such qualities of
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, which were hidden so far. His
power of organisation, was never seen before. No one knew
before his capacity to work for eighteen hours continuously.
Matter of fact is, if Subhash Babu had not got the opportunity
leading the Indian National Army
(AZAD HIND FAUJ) his personality
might have not fully developed. Subhash’s call March to Delhi

Dilli Chalo), worked like magic on the soldiers the


day of 14th March, 1944, will be written in letters of gold in the
history of India, when the Azad Hind Army fought with life and
soul in the war of Kohima and Manipur. In two month’s time,
the assault of the I.N.A. became so famous, that the English
Army was forced to retreat. But for want of equipments,
specially the airforce, the Indian National Army had to retract
its steps with full preparations, second assault was made only
momentary success was achieved. Before the huge British army
with immense resources, the small Indian National Army, with
insufficient equipments and limited resources could not stand
for long Subhash Babu had to abandon Rangoon on 19th May
1945, the English army occupied Rangoon once again. The
power of the Indian National Army decreased day-by-day, but it
continued to be in action upto the surrender by Japanese on 14th
August, 1945, Netaji left for Tokyo. In a way came to an end
the functioning of the Indian National Army, but its name will
be there for ages to come. The soldiers of the Rani Jhansi
regiment will be remembered for ages in the pages of history
for destroying British Tanks by lying down on the earth with
mines tied to their backs. For wagging guerilla warfare keeping
half starked or by living on leaves for considering grass of
freedom superior to the cheese and butter of slavery and for
fighting sixteen hours a day, thereby making the British soldiers
lose courage. The world was dumb founded to get the news that
Subhash Babu was badly injured in an air crash on the 18th
August 1945 and he left this world the same night people do not
believe even today that Subhash Babu actually died in an
aircrash. Whatever may be the truth, but it is beyond dispute
that Subhash Chandra Bose will be remembered for ages to
come.
 


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